3. وسعت اسم Wusat-e-Ism, The State of Noun [p20]

 Ism ki Wusat 2-doh hai, Khaas ism aur Aam ism, Khaas ism koh معرفة Marifah ism kahte hai aur Aam ism koh نكرة Nakrah ism kahte hai.

Ism-e-Nakrah	نكرة	Indefinite state/ common noun
Ism-e-Marifah	معرفة	Definite state

              

Ism-e-Nakrah نكرة : Kisi Admi, Shaks, jagah, cheez ka zaati naam na ho, aur us lafz key akhiri mein Tanween laga huwa ho toh samjho wo ism-e-Nakrah hai. Nakrah ka Tarjuma Umooman yeh hota hai “Koyi, Ek, Koyi Ek, Kuch”.

Nakrah Ism ki Misaale’n

وَلَدٌ	Waladun	koyi beta, ek beta
قَلَمٌ	Qalamun	koyi qalam, ek qalam
مَسْجِدٌ	Masjidun	ek Masjid, koyi ek Masjid
عَذَابٌ	3zhaabun	ek saza, koyi saza
شَيْءٌ	Shayun	ek cheez, koyi cheez
نَصِيبٌ	Naseebun	ek hissa
كِتٰبٌ	Kitaabun	ek Kitaab
حَمْدٌ	Hamdun	ek Tareef
عَبْدٌ	3bdun	ek gulam, ek banda
صِرَاطٌ	siraatun	ek Raasta, koyi Raasta
دِيْنٌ	Deenun	ek faisla, koyi ek faisla

 

NOTE : Yaad rahe  Koyi bhi ism/ naam agar Nakrah hai toh uska Tarjuma : Koyi,Koyi-ek, Ek, Kuch sey tarjuma karengey Nakrah Ism Aam taur pey Waahid Hota hai, Ism ke Tadaad ke baarey mein aur Jins ke baarey mein Aagey hai, Marifah key baad.

Ism-e-Marifah  معرفة: Ism-e-Marifah Khaas Naam/ ism koh kahte hai Ism-e-Nakrah ka tarjuma “kuch, koyi, koyi-ek” sey “Makhsoos, khaas” ka tarjuma hota hai, Ism-e-Marifahke 7 Iqsaam (qisme) hai; Wo 7-saath qism yeh hai

1. اسم علم Ism-e-ilm

2. اسم الضمائر Ism-e-Damaair

3. اسم إشارة Ism-e-Ishaarah

4. اسم موصول Ism-e-Mawsool

5. لام التعريف Laam-ut-Tareef

6. اسم منادى Ism-e-Munaada

7. اسم نكرة بالمعرفة Ism Nakrah Bil-Marifah

                

Hum Sab sey pahle “5-paanchvi” qism ko karenge joh “Laam-ut-Tareef” hai.

لام التعريف Laam-ut-Tareef (qaayeda) Aaam ism / naam mein +Al ال ism key pahley ”Prefix” mein lagaa dey, aur Aam ism yaani Nakrah ism ke Akhiri key Tanween Giraqa dey (hataa dey) toh aysa ism Al-Marifah yah Ism-eMarifah kah-laata hai, Is Ism-e-Marifah mein Al+ koh Laam-ut-Tareef kahte hai, Iska Tarjuma “Makhsoos, Khaas” key hai.

Misaale’n

كِتٰبٌ Kitaabun	→	اَلْكِتٰبُ Al-Kitaabu
وَلَدٌ Waladun	→	اَلْوَلَدُ Al-Waladu
قَلَمٌ Qalamun	→	اَلْقَلَمٌ Al-Qalamu

 

Laam-ut-Tareef Ke Ehem Qaayede aur Usool

1.    Al+ Waaley ism sey pahle Agar koyi lafz aaye, toh Al+ Ka Alif Nahi padha jaata hai jaise; ذٰلِكَ الْكِتٰبُ Zhaalika-L-Kitaabu.

2.    Agar Al+ waaley ism sey pahle koyi lafz aaye jiske Akhiri mein jazam/ sukoon lagaa huwa ho toh Jazam koh Zeyr sey badal diya jaata hai, aur Laam sey zeyr koh jor-diya jaata hai, is-mein mein Al+ ka Alif nahi padha jaata hai

jaise; اَوْ اَلْمَسْجِدُ Aw Al-Masjidu sey اَوِ الْمَسْجِدُ Awi-L-Masjidu.

3.    Agar Al+ Ayse ism key saath aaye jis ism ka pahla Huroof Shamsiyyah ho toh Al+ ka Alif yaha saakin nahi hoga uski jagah Al+ ka Laam-saakin hoga aur ism ke pahle hurf par Shadd (Tashdeed) lagaa diya jaata hai jaise; رَسُولٌ Rasoolun sey  اَلرَّسُولُ Ar-Rasoolu.

Huroof-e-Shamsiyyah yeh Hai:

ت	Ta
ث	Tha
د	Dal
ذ	Zhal
ر	Ra
ز	Za
س	Seen
ش	Sheen
ص	Suad
ض	Duad
ط	Taw
ظ	Zhaw
ل	Laam
ن	Noon

 

Sabhi Misaale’n Quran-e-Kareem ke ism sey hai

Mashq  (Al+ Waale Ism sey Pahle koyi Lafz/ ism Aaye)

يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ Yakaadu-l-Barqu,

بِالْبِرّ Bil-l-Birri,

زَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ Zawjuka-l-Jannata

مِنَ الْجٰهِلِيْنَ Mina-l-Jaahileen

وَ الْعَص٘رِ Wa-l-Asri

 

Mashq  (Al+ Waale Ism sey Pahle Saakinah Lafz Aaye)

اَوْ اَلْمَسْجِدُ Aw Al-Masjidu	→	اَوِ الْمَسْجِدُ Awi-l-Masjidu
اَوْ اَلْخَوْفِ Aw Al-Khawfi	→	اَوِ الْخَوْفِ Awi-l-Khawfi
اَوْ اَلْقَتْلِ Aw Al-Qatli	→	اَوِ الْقَتْلِ Awi-l-Qatli

 

Mashq  (Al+ Waale Ism ka pahla pahla hurf Shamsiyyah ho)

رَسُولٌ Rasoolun	→	اَلرَّسُولُ Ar-Rasoolu
تَوَّابٌ Tawwaabun	→	اَلتَّوَّابُ At-Tawwaabu
صِرَاطٌ Siraatun	→	اَلصِّرَاطُ As-Siraatu
سَبِيْلٌ Sabeelun	→	اَلسَّبِيْلُ As-Sabeelu
ذِكْرٌ Zhikrun	→	اَلذِّكْرُ Azh-Zhikru

 

Next : 4. اسم علم Ism-e-ilm, Proper noun [p21]