5. Faal-Bil-Lihaaz Faayil [p106]

 (Date: 7/4/2023)

Yeh aysa Faal/ verb hai jis-mein “karney waala” aur “joh kiya gaya” dono pata Chalta hai jaise; madad karne waala arabi mein نَاصِرٌ  “Naasir” yeh faayil hai ayse hi  قَاتِلٌ “Qaatil” qatl karne waala etc. in-misaalo mein faayil ya ism-e-faayil hai English mein Ism-e-Faayil koh Active participle kahte hai.

Ishi mein Mafool “joh kiya gaya” uska bhi pataa lagta hai jaise; مَق٘تُوْلٌ “Maqtool” jiska qatl huwa, “Mansoor” مَنْصُوْرٌ jiska madad kiya gaya, ayse hi ek aur misaal hai كُتِبَ “Kutiba” Likha gaya yeh bhi ism-e-mafool hai English mein Ism-e-Mafool koh Passive participle kahte hai.

Ism-e-Faayil ka mukhtasar taarruf

ism-e-Faayil aur Faayil mein faraq yeh hai keh ism-e-faayil ke muqarrar awzaan (wazae) par mushtaq hai, jabke saref-e-faayil jumle mein aaney ki wajah sey faayil banta hai jaise; خَتَمَ اللهُ Khatamallaahu Allah ney mohar kar-diya, is-jumle mein lafz “Allah” faayil hai par ism-e-faayil nahi.

Faayil Mukammal jumla bhi ho-sakta hai, neyz faayil humesha Marfoo/ Raff3 hota hai jabke ism-e-faayil par 3-teeno haalate aa-sakti hai jaise; وَ مَنْ يَّقْتُلْ مُؤمِنًا wa many-yaqtul muminan aur joh koyi momin ko qatt karey, is-ayat mein Muminan ba-zaat-e-khud ism-e-faayil ka seega hai lekin jumla mein yeh batawr Mafool istemaal ho raha hai.

Ism-e-Faayil aysa ism-e-mushtaq hai joh karney waale par dalaalat karey.

Faal Bil-lihaaz Faayil Faal/ Afaal mein Doh-tarah key hotay hai joh poorey faal/ Afaal mein Istemaal hota hai inko 2-doh qisme hai معروف Maroof aur مجهول Majhool.

معروف Maroof: asal mein Faayil hota hai, iske muqarrar awzaan yaani wazan hai jaise; فَعَلَ Fa3ala [us ek muzakkar ney kiya], قَتَلَ Qatala [us ek muzakkar ne qatl kiya] etc.

 

Thalaathi Mujarrid Maadiy Maroof ke 3-Awzaaan hote hai wo yeh hai

فَعَلَ	Fa3ala
فَعِلَ	Fa3ila
فَعُلَ	Fa3ula

Insabhi misaalo mein gaur karey, Fa, Ayn, Laam (root/ maddah) hai joh Milkar F3l banta hai

> pahle waale wazan mein Fa-kalme par Zabar, ayn-kalme par zabar aur Laam-kalme par zabar lagaaya jaata hai isko Fa3ala padhte hai yeh Thalaathi Mujarrid Maadiy-Maroof ka yeh pahla wazan hai jiska Ayn-kalma Ayn-Maftooh hota hai.

> doosre waale wazan mein Fa-kalme par Zabar , ayn-kalme par zeyr aur Laam-kalme par zabar hota hai isko Fa3ila padhte hai yeh Thalaathi Mujarrid Maadiy-Maroof ka yeh doosra wazan hai jiska Ayn-Maksoor hota hai.

> teesre waale wazan mein Fa-kalme par Zabar , ayn-kalme par peysh aur Laam-kalme par zabar hota hai isko Fa3ula padhte hai yeh Thalaathi Mujarrid Maadiy-Maroof ka yeh teesra wazan hai jiska Ayn-Madmoon hota hai.

Examples

فَعَلَ Fa3ala : usne kiya

كَتَبَ Kataba : usne likha

 نَصَرَNasara : uske madad kiya

 قَتَلَQatala: usne qatl kiya

حَمِدَ Hamida: usne tareef kiya

قَرُبَ Qaruba: wo nazdeekh huwa.

Thalaathi Mujarrid Maadiy Majhool ke wazan yeh hai

فُعِلَ

Fu3ila

Is-wazan pey gaur karey, yaha bhi 3-teen kalima hai, yaad rahe Thalaathi-mujarrid-maadiy-majhool ke 1-hi wazan hai Jisko Fu3ila kaha jaata hai iska maani “kiya gaya hai”

> pahle waale Fa-kalme mein Peysh/ damma hota hai, aur doosra Ayn-kalme mein Zeyr/ Kasra hota hai aur Akhiri kalme mein yaani teesre kalme Laam pey zabar/ fatah laga huwa hota hai, yeh Fu3ila banta hai

Examples

فُعِلَ Fu3ila : Kiya gaya

كُتِبَ Kutiba : Qatl kiya gaya

 نُصِرَNusira : madad kiya gaya

قُتِلَ Qutila : qatl kiya gaya

Thalaathi Mujarrid Mudaari Maroof ke bhi 3-awazan hai wo yeh hai

يَفْعَلُ	Yaf3alu
يَفْعِلُ	Yaf3ilu
يَفْعُلُ	Yaf3ulu

Is sabhi wazano koh gar karey, yeh sabhi Thalaathi Mujarrid Mudaari Maroof ke 3 awzaan baa-mutaabiq Maadiy-Maroof key.

> pahle waala wazan Yaf3alu ke [ayn-kalma maftooh hota hai] yaani iskle Ayn kalme mein Zabar laga huwa hota hai.

> doosra waala wazan Yaf3ilu ke [ayn-kalma maksoor hota hai] yaani iskle Ayn kalme mein Zeyr laga huwa hota hai.

> teesra waala wazan Yaf3ulu ke [ayn-kalma madmoon hota hai] yaani iskle Ayn kalme mein Peysh laga huwa hota hai.

Iski misaale’n yeh hai; [wazan ke aytebaar sey red-color sey highlight kiya gaya hai Jisseh aap yeh samjh-sake yeh Mudaari Maroof ke kis-wazan sey talluq rakhta hai.]

Examples

يَفْعَـلُ Yaf3alu : wo karta hai/ wo karega

يَنْصُـرُ Yansuru : wo madad karta hai/ wo madad karega

يَكْـتُـبُ Yaktubu : wo likha hai/ wo likhega

يَضْـرِبُ Yadribu : wo bayan karta hai/ wo bayan karega

يَغْـفِـرُ Yagfiru : wo baqshta hai/ wo baqshe-ga

يَجْــعِـلُ Yaj3alu : wo banaata hai/ wo banaayega

 

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