1. Jumla-e-Faaliyah aur Jumla-e-Fayliyah [p102]

 Aysa Jumla joh Faal sey shuru ho usko جملة فعلية jumla-e-faaliyah ya Fayliyah kahte hai, Jumla-e-Faal mein meinفعل  Faal/ Fayl ke baadفاعل  faayil/ faa3il (kaam karne waala) aata hai, iske baad zaroorat ho tohمفعول  mafool/ maf3ool (wo jispar kaam ho) aata hai.

Faayil/ faa3il ke Akhir mein peysh/ damma aata hai, aur

Mafool/ maf3ool ke Akhir mein zabar/ fatah aata hai.

 

Maslan:

قَتَلَ دَاوٗدُ جَالُوتَ Qatala Daawoodu jaaloota (Dawood ne Jaloot ko qatal kiya) 2:25, is-misaal mein “Dawood” faayil hai aur “jaloot” mafool hai aur “qatal” faal/fayl hai.                    

Agar faa3il jama3 muzakkar saalim ho toh waahid ke aakhir meinُوْنَ  oona lagaate hai aur neyz agar maf3ool jama3 muzakkar saalim ho toh waahid ke aakhir meinِيْنَ  eena lagaate hai.

Maslan:

ضَرَبَ الْمُسْلِمُوْنَ الظَّالِمِيْنَ Darabal-Muslimoonazh-zhaalimoona (Musalmaano ney zhalimo maara), is-misaal mein “muslimoona” faayil hai aur “zhaalimoona” mafool hai “Daraba” faal/fayl” hai.

                   

Faal doh tarah ke hotay hai: 

Ek wo jissey mafool ki Zaroorat nahi hoti hai usko faal-e-laazim kahte hai maslan: ضَعُفَ الطَّالِبُ الْمَطْلُوْبُ Da3ufat-taalibul-matloobu “maang-ne wala bhi kamzoor aur Jisseh maanga gaya wo bhi kamzor hai” 22:73.

Doosra wo Faal jissey apni baat poorey tawr par waazeh karne ke liye faayil ke saath mafool ki bhi Zaroorat ho ضَرَبَ اللهُ Daraballaahu “Allah ney bayaan kiya” 39:29, yaha is misaal mein baat poori nahi huwi koyi bhi yeh sawaal kar-sakta hai keh Allah ney kiya? bayaan kiya is-liye baat koh poora karne ke liye ek mafool ki bhi Zaroorat hoti hai: ضَرَبَ اللهُ مَثَلًا Daraballaahu Mathalan “Allah ney bayaan kiya ek misaal” 16:75, Is-misaal mein mafool lane ke baad baat waazeh hui.

Gawr karey uppar ki misaalo mein faayil “mard/ muzakkar” hai, aur agar faal “awrat/ muannas” ho toh faal ke Akhir mein تْ ta-saakin ki alaamat lagaate hai.

Jaise: فَتَحَتْ تَسْمِيَةٌ بَابًا fatahat-tasmiyatun-baaban “tasmiyah ney ek darwaaza khola” is-misaal mein tasmiyah faayil hai aur baab mafool hai aur fatahat faal hai joh muannas hai.

#Abh hum faal-e-Mudaari sey shuru hone waaley jumla-e-faaliyah ko samajhte hai:

Chand misaale’n hai;

 يَفْتَحُ زَيْدٌ بَابًا yaftahu zaydun baaban “Zaid darwaaza kholta hai/ kholega” is-misaal mein zaid faayil hai aur baab/ darwaaza mafool hai aur yaftahu faal/ faal-e-mudaari hai.

Jumla faaliyah mein Faayil Muzakkar naa-ho toh “Daraba” joh Fa3ala ke wazan par hai wo “us ek mard” ke maani deta hai.

Mafool Dameer ho ya faayil zaahir ho toh Faayil mafool ke baad aata hai jaise keh:

ضَرَبَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُوْنَ Daraba-humul-Muslimoona “Muslim mardo’n ney unsab mardo’n ko bayaan kiya”.