8. Faal Bil-Lihaaz Huroof [p109] Qawaayid

 Yeh 4-chaar tarah key hotay hai (aur yeh important hai arabi-grammar mein)

1. Afaal-e-Saheehah : yeh hamzah, alif, waw aur yaa ke elaawah sabhi Huroof sey bana huwa lafz yah faal koh Afaal-e-Saheehah kahlaati, Afaal-e-saheehah sehat-mandh hurfo’n sey banta hai. jaise; ba, ta, tha, jeem, ha, kha, daal, zhaal, ra, zaa etc.

2. Afaal-e-Mushaddad : aysa faaal jiska F3l kalme mein sey agar Ayn aur Laam kalma hum-martaba ho, toh ayn-kalma par sukoon/ jazam lagaate uske baad Hum-martaba Huroof koh Tasheed/ Shadd lagaatey hai jaise; مَــرَّ Marra [root meaning; bhaagna]

Formula : مَــرَّ Marra [asal mein yeh] مَــرَرَ Marara hai فَعَلَ Fa3ala ke wazan par,

مَــرَرَ Marara [key Ayn-kalme par jazam/ sukoon lagaade’n] yeh Marara sey مَــرْرَ Marra huwa,

Abh is-mein shad/ tasheed lagaadey مَــرْرَ Marra → مَــرَّ Marra.

 

3. Afaal-e-Mahmoozah : Aysa lafz/ faal/ afaal jis-mein Hamzah ka istemaal kiya gaya Thalaathi mujarrid mein inko 3 tarah sey samjhey

> افعال مهموزة ء ف كلمة Agar Pahla kalma Fa mein Hamzah ho toh “Afaal-e-Mahmoozah” Hamzah-Fa-kalma,

> افعال مهموزة ء ع كلمة Agar Doosra kalma Ayn mein Hamzah ho toh “Afaal-e-Mahmoozah” Hamzah-Ayn-kalma,

> افعال مهموزة ء ل كلمة Agar Akhir kalma Laam mein Hamzah ho toh “Afaal-e-Mahmoozah” Hamzah-Laam-kalma.

                       

4. Afaal-e-illat : Huroof-e-illat yeh beemar/ kamzor Huroof hotey hai 3 hai wo yeh hai;

ا	Alif
و	Waw
ي	Yaa

In sab huroofon ki ziyaadah dihaan dey taakey galatiyo ke imqanaat bohut kam ho.

[Note: Alif/ Hamzah koh Humney Afaal-e-Mahmoozah mein alag se jaana aur seekha hai abh hum sirf waaw aur yaa koh samjhengey ek-saath]

Afaal-e-illat mein :

Fa-kalma illat waw, Fa-kalma illat yaa

Ayn-Kalma illat waw, Ayn-kalma illat yaa aur

Laam-kalma illat waw, Ayn-kalma illat yaa koh samjhenge.

ي	←	فعل		→	و
و					ي
		↓
		ي	و

#Fa-kalma illat waw ki misaale

وَزَنَ Wazana [maani: Tolna, wazan karna] usne wazan kiya yeh Fa3ala ke wazan par hota hai,

وَجَدَ Wa3ada [maani: waada karna] usne waada kiya yeh Fa3ala ke wazan par hota hai.

> in-dono misaalo mein fa3ala ke fa-kalma mein fa ke bajaaye waw hai.

 

#Fa-kalma illat Yaa ki misaale

يَــبِـسَ Yabisa [maani: khushq hona] wo khushq huwa yeh Fa3ila ke wazan par hota hai,

يَـــقِنَ Yaqina [maani: yaqeen hona] usne yaqeen kiya yeh Fa3ila ke wazan par hota hai.

> in-dono misaalo mein fa3ala ke fa-kalma mein fa ke bajaaye waw hai.

 

Fa-kalma illat yaa ki key-examples yaha darj-zaeel hai;

يَـئِسَ Yaisa [maani: wo mayyus huwa]

يَقُظُ yaquzhu [maani: wo jaaga, wo bedaar huwa]

يَقِظُ Yaqizhu [maani: wo jaaga, wo bedaar huwa]

يَـــتَـــمَ Yatama [maani: yateem hona]

يَنَعَ Yana3a [maani: pakna, baloogat tak nahi pohuchna]

يَــقِنَ yaqina [maani: yaqeen hona]

 

#Ayn-kalma illat waw ki misaale

jabhi Ayn-kalma waw hoga wo “Alif” sey badla huwa hoga

قَالَ Qaala [maani: usne kaha] iska maddah/ root Qaaf, waaw, laam “qawl” banta hai lekin jab yeh fa3ala ke wazan pey  قَوَلَQawala hota hai waw ko alif sey badalne ke baad yeh qaala padha jaayega yaani yaha waw koh alif sey badal-diya jaata hai, inko ajwaf bhi kahte hai.

> Ayn kalma illat waw gaur sey padhe aur samjhe

Examples

تَابَ Taaba [maani: usne ruju kiya]

كَـانَ Kaana [maani: hona]

قَامَ Qaama [maani: wo khada huwa]

 

NOTE: قَالَ Qaala mein jamaa-muannas mein illat ko drop karey yaani illat ko giraa-dey aur waw-ki behan peysh illat hote huwe Fa-kalme ko de-deta hai toh jamaa-muannas قُلْنَ qulna

Ishi tarah تَابَ Taaba ka gayb jamaa-muannas تُبْنَ Tubna hojaayega.

Ishi tarah عَاذَ 3azha ka gayb jamaa-muannas عُذْنَ 3uzhna hojaayega.

Jab Yeh Fa3ila ke wazan pey ho toh illat giraatey waqt Fa-kalme par Zeyr lagaate hai.

 

#Ayn-kalma illat Yaa ki misaale

jabhi Ayn-kalma yaa hoga wo “Alif” sey badla huwa hoga

بَاعَ Baa’3a [yeh fa3ila ke wazan par بَيَعَ Baya3a] hai “usne beycha”

Jamaa-muannas mein laam-kalme koh sukoon/ jazam lagaa-dete hai toh jamaa-saakinayn hojaata hai yaani sukoon ek-saath aajaatey hai “Arabi-lisaan/zubaan ka rule hai ke doh-sukoon ek saath nahi aa saktey” toh illat koh yaha sey drop kar-dengey “Alif” Haqeeqat mein yaha “Yaa” hai jab illat koh drop karte hai toh Fa-kalme mein Yaa ki behan “zeyr” ko lagaa detey hai, is-tarah is-lafz ka gayb jamaa-muannas بِعْنَ Bi3na hoga.

 

#Laam-kalma illat waw ki misaale

jabhi Laam-kalma waw hoga wo “Alif” sey badla huwa hoga

دَعَا Da3aa [yeh fa3ila ke wazan par دَعَوَ Da3awa] hai “usne pukaara”

Jab tathniyah-muzakkar-gayb yaha tathniyah banaate waqt doh-alif ek saath aa-jaate hai [دَعَاا] yaha sey illat koh wapas kardengey yaad rahe yaha illat koh giraana nahi hai abh yeh [دَعَوَا] ho jaayega. Iske baad Jamaa-muzakkar-gayb banaate waqt [دَعَوُوْا] yaha illat apne harkat ke saath drop ho-jaayegi [دَعَوْا] ho-jaayega, Jamaa-muannath gayb mein laam-kalma saakin karna hai toh yaha illat koh waapas ley-aayengey laam-kalma ko saakin karne ke liye abh yeh [دَعَوْنَ] banega, aur abh poori gardaan mein illat rahega.

 

تَلَا Talaa [waahid muzakkar gayb]

تَلَوَا Talawaa [tathniyah muzakkar gayb]

تَلَوْا Talaw [jamaa muzakkar gayb]

تَلَوْنَ Talawna [jamaa muannas gayb]

 

رَجَا Rajaa [waahid muzakkar gayb]

رَجَوَا Rajawaa [tathniyah muzakkar gayb]

رَجَوْا Rajaw [jamaa muzakkar gayb]

رَجَوْنَ Rajawna [jamaa muannas gayb]

                               

 

 

#Laam-kalma illat yaa ki misaale

jabhi Ayn-kalma waw “Alif” mein tabdeel nahi hoti balke yaa hi rahti hai.

in-ki doh key-Examples hai رَمٰى Ramaa [yeh fa3ala ke wazan par hai] aurلَقِيَ  Laqaya [yeh fa3ila ke wazan par hai]

 

رَمٰي Ramaa [waahid muzakkar gayb]

رَمَيَا Ramayaa [tathniyah muzakkar gayb]

رَمَوْا Ramaw [jamaa muzakkar gayb] {A+yoo Aw}

رَمَيْنَ Ramayna [jamaa muannas gayb]

                               

هَدٰى Hadaa [waahid muzakkar gayb]

هَدَيَا Hadayaa [tathniyah muzakkar gayb]

هَدَوْا Hadaw [jamaa muzakkar gayb] {A+yoo Aw}

هَدَيْنَ Hadayna [jamaa muannas gayb]

 

اَوىٰ Awaa [waahid muzakkar gayb]

اَوَيَا Awayaa [tathniyah muzakkar gayb]

اَوَوْا Awaw [jamaa muzakkar gayb] {A+yoo Aw}

اَوَيْنَ Awayna [jamaa muannas gayb]

 

لَقِيَ Laqiya [waahid muzakkar gayb]

لَقِيَا Laqiyaa [tathniyah muzakkar gayb]

لَقُوا Laqoo [jamaa muzakkar gayb] {i+yoo uw}

لَقُوا Laqiyat [waahid muannas gayb] {mein illat drop nahi hogi}

لَقِيْنَ Laqeena [jamaa muannas gayb]

 

نَسِيَ Nasiya [waahid muzakkar gayb]

نَسِيَا Nasiyaa [tathniyah muzakkar gayb]

نَسُوا Nasoo [jamaa muzakkar gayb] {i+yoo uw}

نَسِيَتْ Nasiyat [waahid muannas gayb] {mein illat drop nahi hogi}

نَسِيْنَ Naseena [jamaa muannas gayb]

> ishi tarah baaqi gardaan ko karey, in-ke qawaayid koh achi tarah sey yaad karley aur samajhley.